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El Manual de IA de Filipinas (Hasta Ahora): Leyes, Nuevas Directrices, Reglas del Sector y lo que Viene

Actualizado el 16 de Sept, 2025

La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) ya no es un concepto futurista — está integrada en nuestra vida diaria. Los estudiantes usan IA para mejorar la investigación, los profesionales la aprovechan para agilizar los flujos de trabajo, y los creativos la emplean para dar vida a ideas audaces. Pero a medida que la IA se vuelve más poderosa, también plantea preguntas urgentes sobre privacidad, responsabilidad y uso ético. Este artículo busca dotar a organizaciones, innovadores y equipos de cumplimiento de una base clara para construir sistemas de IA responsables y legales.

Aún no existe una ley de IA única y completa en vigor en Filipinas. Pero hoy en día rigen reglas aplicables al desarrollo y uso de la IA, lideradas por la Ley de Privacidad de Datos (DPA) y el Aviso de la Comisión Nacional de Privacidad (NPC) de 2024 sobre IA, además de las normas de comercio electrónico y modelos del sector financiero, regulaciones de criptoactivos, directrices políticas de la Corte Suprema y orientaciones de seguridad nacional. El Congreso también tiene varios proyectos de ley sobre IA pendientes.

Privacidad de Datos

The core privacy law that applies to AI right now is the Privacidad de Datos Act of 2012 (RA 10173) and its Reglas y Reglamentos de Implementación. Esta ley es neutral desde el punto de vista tecnológico y se aplica a cualquier procesamiento de datos personales, incluidos los datos utilizados para entrenar, probar y desplegar sistemas de IA. El Aviso de la NPC 2024-04 recuerda a los controladores de información personal asegurar la precisión, equidad, transparencia y limitación de propósitos al procesar datos mediante flujos de trabajo de IA. Las organizaciones deben divulgar el propósito y explicar en qué medida la IA afecta los datos, y hacer que esta información sea fácilmente accesible para los interesados.

NPC Advisory Opinion No. 2024-002 (January 2024) further clarifies that the use of AI is permissible under the Privacidad de Datos Act of 2012 (RA 10173), provided that Personal Information Controllers (PICs) continue to comply with the Act’s general privacy principles. PICs using AI must:

  • Ensure lawful basis for processing personal data, regardless of whether AI technology is used.
  • Uphold transparency and data subject rights (right to be informed, right to rectification) by providing adequate information and accessible mechanisms.
  • Conduct a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) to evaluate whether AI use is fair, proportional, and necessary considering potential risks to data subjects.
  • Implement reasonable safeguards to protect personal data when using AI tools such as ChatGPT or other generative models.

NPC emphasized that there is “no manifest conflict” between AI use and the DPA, but accountability for AI-driven processing remains with the organization.

NPC Advisory No. 2024-03 (Guidelines on Child-Oriented Transparency) goes further by requiring additional safeguards when AI systems process or are likely to process children’s personal data. Key obligations include:

  • Conducting Child Privacy Impact Assessments (CPIAs) before launching products or services likely to be accessed by children, and updating these assessments as products evolve.
  • Implementing high-privacy settings by default, such as disabling geolocation and setting profiles to private.
  • Providing child-friendly privacy notices that use plain language, are layered for clarity, and can be delivered in alternative formats (videos, infographics, audio) for comprehension.
  • Engaging parents or guardians when risks are high and verifying their involvement through appropriate methods.

These measures should be applied to any AI system targeting or likely to be used by minors.

E-Commerce & Consumer Protection: Duties for AI-Enabled Platforms

With the rise of digital commerce, AI-enabled platforms face heightened obligations under the Internet Transactions Act of 2023 (RA 11967) and its IRR. These rules cover business-to-business and business-to-consumer transactions, requiring platforms and merchants to be transparent, register when required, and implement takedown procedures for scams and unsafe products. AI-powered chatbots, recommendation engines, and ad-tech systems must be fair, accurate, and explainable to consumers.

Cross-Cutting Laws & Cybercrime Risks

AI tools may inadvertently create exposure under other laws. The Cybercrime Prevention Act (RA 10175) penalizes online fraud, identity theft, and hacking — risks amplified by generative AI misuse. The Electronic Commerce Act (RA 8792) protects the integrity of e-documents and signatures, which AI systems must not forge or falsify. The Consumer Act (RA 7394) prohibits deceptive or unfair trade practices, including misleading AI-generated ads or fake reviews. Likewise, the Intellectual Property Code (RA 8293, as amended) may be triggered when AI systems generate works that infringe on existing IP rights.

Digital Assets & Crypto Rules

The Philippines has seen rapid growth in crypto-assets, with AI playing a dual role as both risk vector and security solution. The SEC Memorandum Circular Nos. 4 & 5 (2025) set out the Crypto-Asset Service Provider (CASP) Rules and Guidelines, requiring registration, capital adequacy, and risk monitoring. CASPs are encouraged to deploy AI tools for fraud detection, anti-money laundering monitoring, and market integrity surveillance.

Courts & Legal Profession: AI in Justice

The judiciary is also embracing AI. The Supreme Court’s Strategic Plan for Judicial Innovations (SPJI) 2022–2027 includes AI research to improve court efficiency. In November 2024, Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen shared that the Supreme Court was drafting an AI Governance Framework for the Judiciary to ensure ethical and responsible use. In May 2025, Chief Justice Alexander G. Gesmundo shared the positive results of the pilot implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered voice-to-text transcription tool (Scriptix). Chief Justice Gesmundo emphasized that AI will support — not replace — human court stenographers.

However, courts have warned against misuse. The Sandiganbayan admonished a lawyer for submitting AI-generated pleadings with fictitious citations, citing the Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability (CPRA) which forbids misleading courts.

National AI Strategy & Policy Signals

In July 2024, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) launched the National AI Strategy Roadmap 2.0, aiming to position the Philippines as a leading AI research hub. The plan promotes industry adoption, workforce upskilling, and responsible use guided by principles of transparency, fairness, and accountability. In parallel, a memorandum was issued by Defense Secretary Teodoro cautioning AFP and DND personnel against AI-generated photos and apps that pose identity theft and phishing risks.

Proposed AI-Specific Legislation

Lawmakers have filed several measures to create a comprehensive AI regulatory framework. These include:

  • House Bill No. 7396 (AIDA): Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Development Authority to issue ethical guidelines and oversee AI development.
  • House Bill No. 3195 and Senate Bill No. 852: Creates the Philippine Council on Artificial Intelligence and a National Center for AI Research; propose an AI Bill of Rights to protect citizens and workers.
  • Senate Bill No. 25: Requires a national registry for AI systems, meaning tools must be cleared before deployment.
  • House Bill No. 3214 (Deepfake Regulation Act): Penalizes non-consensual deepfake creation with imprisonment (2–5 years) and fines (₱50,000–₱200,000), and grants victims a right to damages.

Together, these measures promise to establish clear guardrails for safe, ethical, and accountable AI.

Practical Compliance Checklist

The checklist below translates key legal requirements and policy guidance into practical actions for AI development teams and compliance officers:

  • Inventory personal data, identify lawful basis under RA 10173, and document data flows using privacy-by-design principles.
  • Align AI deployments with NPC Advisory Opinion No. 2024-002 by confirming lawful basis, conducting a PIA, and enabling data subject rights before production rollout.
  • Disclose AI use to data subjects.
  • For AI systems likely to be accessed by minors, conduct a Child PIA (CPIA), use high-privacy defaults, provide child-friendly layered notices, and involve parents or guardians as required by NPC Advisory 2024-03.

Things to Watch

The Philippine regulatory landscape for AI is evolving rapidly, and several key developments are on the horizon:

  • BSP’s upcoming Model Risk Management Circulars and potential AI ethics guidance.
  • The NPC’s Advisory Opinion No. 2024-002 signals the Commission’s proactive stance on AI. Expect more sector-specific guidance and possible updates to PIA templates to address algorithmic decision-making and generative AI use cases.
  • Supreme Court’s forthcoming AI Governance Framework for judiciary operations.
  • The NPC is also moving toward stronger protection for vulnerable groups. Its 2024-03 Guidelines on Child-Oriented Transparency set a precedent for child-specific AI compliance and may shape future regulations for “AI for kids” solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

  • No. AI is currently regulated through the DPA, NPC advisories, e-commerce, crypto, and sectoral rules.
  • Yes, if personal data is involved, DPA obligations still apply.
  • Other laws (Consumer Act, Cybercrime Act, IP Code, RA 11967) may still apply.
  • Prepare for BSP’s MRM guidelines, maintain model inventories, and perform independent validations.

Practical Perspectivas & Takeaways

Organizations should not wait for the Philippine “AI Act” to be enacted before acting. By building governance programs now, they can reduce risk and build user trust. Key steps include:

  • Maintaining a living AI model inventory.
  • Conducting regular validation and bias testing.
  • Implementing privacy-by-design across all projects.
  • Monitoring legislative and regulatory developments.

Compliance should be seen not as a cost, but as a strategic investment that positions the organization as a leader in responsible and ethical AI.

Sources

  1. NPC AI Advisory 2024-04
  2. NPC Advisory 2024-03
  3. NPC Advisory Opinion 2024-002
  4. Privacidad de Datos Act ( RA 10173 ) and IRR
  5. Internet Transactions Act ( RA 11967 ); IRR (JAO 24-03)
  6. Electronic Commerce Act
  7. Consumer Act
  8. Intellectual Property Code
  9. AI Deepfakes Fuel $4.6B Crypto Losses: Report
  10. BSP MRM exposure
  11. SEC CASP Rules/Guidelines
  12. Supreme Court press releases on AI
  13. Chief Justice Gesmundo Highlights AI-Powered Transcription Success at Stenographer’s Convention
  14. Chief Justice Gesmundo: AI Can Assist Judges, But Should Never Replace Human Elements of Justice
  15. CJ Gesmundo bets on AI to beef up litigation, arbitration
  16. Supreme Court SPJI
  17. SC to Establish AI Governance Framework for the Judiciary
  18. Sandiganbayan reprimanded lawyer who used AI
  19. NAISR 2.0
  20. DND/AFP memo
  21. House bill no. 7396
  22. House bill no. 3195
  23. Senate bill no. 852
  24. Senate bill no. 25

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Melchor Jaemond Aranas

Managing Partner • Corporate Law

Atty. Aranas serves as the firm's managing partner, specializing in business and corporate law.

Ayla Alim-Baldueza

Co-Managing Partner • Administration

Atty. Alim-Baldueza handles the firm's administrative matters and specializes in administrative law.

Eric Dela Cruz

Partner • Inmigración & Banking

El abogado Dela Cruz es un líder legal/de cumplimiento que se especializa en servicios financieros regulados, gobierno corporativo, fusiones y adquisiciones, consolidación bancaria, investigaciones, privacidad de datos y construcción de operaciones legales habilitadas con IA.

Jeremiah Belgica

Partner • Litigio

Atty. Belgica formerly served as the Director-General of the Anti-Red Tape Authority.

Jedrek Ng

Partner • Litigio

El abogado Ng se desempeñó anteriormente como Fiscal Auxiliar de la Ciudad de Manila.

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Ed Vinson Quintin

Senior Associate • Litigio

El abogado Quintin se graduó de la Universidad de Santo Tomás y aprobó los exámenes de la barra de forma ejemplar en 2020.

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Mera Lyka Timan

Asociada Senior • Laboral

La abogada Timan se graduó del Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, especializándose en derecho laboral.

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Aileen Bobadilla

Asociada Junior • Corporativo y Fiscal

La abogada Bobadilla es Contadora Pública Certificada y abogada de la firma en casos fiscales y corporativos.

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Precius Aiah Anies

Asociada Junior • Propiedad Intelectual

La abogada Anies se graduó del Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila y se especializa en casos de propiedad intelectual.

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Ma. Patricia Atayde

Asociada Junior • Corporativo

La abogada Atayde se graduó del Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila y se especializa en la práctica corporativa de la firma.

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Arthur Melindo

Junior Associate • Litigio

El abogado Melindo se graduó como el mejor de su promoción de la Universidad Politécnica de Filipinas, manejando casos penales y civiles.